Predminulý čas
Past Perfect Simple Tense
Čo sa v tejto lekcii naučíme?
- použitie a formu predminulého času
- použitie USED TO a WOULD v minulosti
Predminulý čas - Past Perfect Simple Tense
Forma:
Kladné oznamovacie vety:
S predminulým časom používame pomocné sloveso HAD a minulé príčastie plnovýznamového slovesa (3. forma/ stĺpec). Pravidelné slovesá na seba berú príponu –ED a nepravidelné slovesá sa menia. Zoznam nepravidelných slovies nájdeš v LEVEL 1 - Lekcia 08.
I had slept.
She had worked.
V každodennej komunikácii je možné pomocné sloveso had skrátiť s podmetom vo vete.
I´d slept.
She´d worked.
Otázky:
Otázky sa tvoria výmenou slovosledu podmetu a pomocného slovesa vo vete.
Had she left?
Had he told you?
Negatívne vety:
Negatívne vety sa tvoria pomocou HAD + NOT. Tieto dve slová je možné skrátiť a teda nám vznikne HADN´T.
She hadn´t left.
We hadn´t spoken.
Použitie:
Predminulý čas používame, keď hovoríme o viacerých minulých udalostiach naraz a poslucháčovi chceme dať jasne najavo, ktorá sa stala ako prvá.
When we arrived at Sue´s house, she had left. (Sue odišla o 7:00 a my sme prišli o 8:00)
Predminulý čas nie je potrebné použiť ak použijeme slová ako before a after na objasnenie časoého sledu udalostí.
Sue left before we arrived. alebo Sue had left the house before we arrived.
Treba si dať pozor – predminulý čas sa nepoužíva len preto, že hovoríme o udalosti, ktorá sa stala veľmi dávno. V takom prípade nám postačí minulý jednoduchý čas.
The Chinese built the Great Wall over two thousand years ago.
Predminulý čas sa často používa so slovami spojenými s myslením – think, be sure, realize, remember, suspect, understand atď.
I thought I´d seen him before.
He was sure he´d locked the door.
Used to
- Used to opisuje zvyky alebo stav z minulosti, ktorý už ďalej neprebieha.
I used to have long hair when I was younger. (teraz mám krátke vlasy) - Používa sa to na opakované činnosti, nikdy nie na jednorazové udalosti.
I used to play football, but now I play tenis.
Would
Would sa používa podobne ako used to, no WOULD opisuje len opakované činnosti v minulosti, nie stavy. Častejšie sa používa v písanej podobe.
On summer days, we would go to the pool every day.
I used to own a motorbike. (NOT I would own a motorbike)
Ulož si ma :)
Cvičenie:
1. Podčiarkni chyby vo vete a napíš ju správne.
- When we had ate dinner, we were sitting in the garden.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. - I couldn´t get into my house because I lost my key.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. - We had decide on the outcome before we had met with the staff.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. - I had used to play football when I was at school.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. - After Jane was giving Joe his books, she went home.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. - Kate was sure she saw that man before.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. - Mary would live in Slovakia when she was a child.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Podčiarkni správnu frázu vo vete.
- While I had waited / was waiting / waited at the bus stop, I had noticed / was noticing / noticed a new shop which wasn´t / hadn´t been there before.
- Emily got off / was getting off / had got off the bus, and walked / was walking / had walked into the bank when she realized / was realizing / had realized that she left / was leaving / had left her wallet on the bus.
- After I bought / was buying / had bought my new phone, I found out / was finding out / had found out that it doesn´t have enough memory.
- I went to the post office to ask about my package, but they said / were saying/ had said that it still didn´t arrive / hadn´t arrived.
3. Doplň vetu pomocou slovesa v zátvorke a slov would alebo used to. Viac než jedna odpoveď môže byť správna.
- My mom (read) ……………………………………………………….. to me every night before bed.
- I (not like) …………………………………………………………….. broccoli, but now it´s my favourite food.
- When I was young, winters (be) …………………………………………………….. much colder.
- Jane (live) …………………………………………………………. in the opposite house.
- We (go) ………………………………………………………… on holiday with my family, but now we usually go alone.
- My boyfriend (have) ……………………………………………………….. beard but he shaved it off.
Kľúč: